Research

1. Energy Relations

Energy resources, infrastructures, and flows shape relations between states and the geopolitical distribution of power. Vulnerabilities in energy systems create significant security risks. I analyse strategic dependency, resource competition, and great power rivalry, alongside the security of energy corridors, chokepoints, and critical infrastructure including power grids, pipelines, and tanker routes.

Core Concepts

• Energy security
• Energy geopolitics
• Energy diplomacy
• Critical energy infrastructure
• Strategic dependency
• Resource competition
• Energy corridors

2. Global Governance

Regional and global institutions constitute the institutional architecture through which states coordinate action and address transnational challenges. This research examines how these institutions function as sites of norm production, negotiation, and collective governance, analysing the relationship between formal mandates and actual practice. It explores how organisational routines, bureaucratic cultures, and member state interactions shape policy outcomes and institutional effectiveness. The work also considers how regional and global institutions mediate competing interests, facilitate cooperation amid power asymmetries, and adapt to evolving challenges, illuminating how governance authority and legitimacy are contested and reproduced across different scales of international order.

Core Concepts

• Regional institutions
• Global institutions
• Multi-level governance
• Norm production
• Institutional effectiveness
• Legitimacy
• Power asymmetries

3. Diplomacy

My research examines diplomacy as the essential peaceful tool for managing international relations, resolving conflicts, and advancing shared interests in a multipolar world. It explores both traditional practices, bilateral and multilateral negotiations, summitry, and state representation, and modern forms such as public, digital, cyber, and transnational diplomacy involving non-state actors and international organizations.

Core Concepts

• State-to-state negotiation
• Transnational diplomacy
• Digital diplomacy
• Multipolarity
• Non-state actors
• Summitry
• State representation
• Diplomatic representation

4. Practice Theory in International Relations

This research draws on practice theory in International Relations to examine how international practices constitute political order and produce nomos in world politics. It analyses how norms emerge, evolve, and stabilise through their enactment in diplomatic interactions, transnational professional communities, and multilateral institutional routines across bilateral, regional, and global settings, including international organisations and negotiating forums.

Core Concepts

• Practice theory
• International practices
• Nomos
• Enactment